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Solutions To Programmable Array Logic Problems Through Network Support

Programmable Logic Array (PAL) is one of the first programmable logic devices in the field, launched in the market in 1978 by Monolithic Memories Inc. It includes a programmable read-only memory core and output circuits, used to implement particular digital logic functions. PAL devices are field programmable, meaning that the device could be programmed by the user. However, programming a PAL requires expertise. In case the user faces any problem in PAL programming, an experienced PC support provider should be consulted.

Brief History

In the early days, small-scale integration components such as transistor transistor logic (TTL) were used to build a digital circuit. Among the TTL families, the 7400 series was very popular. It consists of variety of logic gates, multiplexers, demultiplexers, flip flops, etc. After the advent of PAL, SSI devices became obsolete.

PAL technology

Early versions of PAL were a 20-pin dual in-line package. Bipolar transistor technology was used to manufacture PAL. Titanium tungsten programming fuses were used in those programmable devices once. Later, Advanced Micro Devices employed CMOS technology to manufacture PALs for which it provided extensive network support.

The architecture of PAL

The programmable elements in a PAL link the true and complement inputs to the AND gates. These AND ports are also called Product Terms. The terms of the product are ORed as a whole to constitute a logical sum of the products. The PAL architecture comprises two main components, namely Programmable Logic Board and Output Logic Cells.

Programmable logic plane

Programmable logic board is nothing but a programmable read-only memory that routes the signals at the input pins to the output logic macro cells. PAL devices present arrays of transistor cells that are organized in a fixed fashion OR programmable E. The sum of logic equations of the products for each output in terms of input and feedback from output are implemented by these arrays.

Output Logic Macro Cells

A standard PAL 20 pin has 8 outputs, 10 inputs, 1 power pin and 1 ground pin. In the active state, the signal at the output pins is 0 volts. The output can be combined or recorded. A standard PAL device features various output structures, known as Output Logic Macro Cells or OLMCs. Earlier versions of PAL, such as 16L8 and 16R8 fixed the OLMC at the time of manufacture. Later, in 1983, AMD launched 22V8, whose OLMCs could be configured by the user as registered or combined.

PAL programming

PAL programs are written using Hardware Description Languages, such as ABEL, CUPL and PALSM. These are computer aided design programs, which convert PAL logic equations written in a text file to binary files, such as JDEC and HEX files. These binary files are programmed into PAL devices using special programming devices. Manufacturers and even third-party manufacturers provide strong PC support for PAL programming issues.

PALASMU Language

The PALSM language was invented to write Boolean logic equations for the configured output pins using the configured input pins. The equations are written in a text file, which is then converted into a binary file with the compiler. Monolithic Memories Incorporation (MMI) wrote the first compiler for the PALSM language in FORTRAN IV on the IBM 370/168. MMI has provided free compiler and network support to PALSM users.

ABEL language

Advanced Boolean Expression Language (ABEL) is a hardware description language developed by Data I/O Corporation in 1983 for PAL programming. It uses concurrent equations, truth table logic format and sequential state machine diagram. Data I/O Corporation provides compiler and PC support for the ABEL language.

Language CUPL

The CUPL language was invented by Logical Devices Incorporation. Its previous versions ran under MS DOS. It now comes as a Windows Integrated Development Package. CUPL programming problems may be resolved with Logic Devices Inc. network support.

PC support for PAL programming

PAL programming requires experience in handling the compiler and PAL programming devices which could be facilitated with the help of network support providers. PAL manufacturers provide extensive PC support for PAL programming. In addition to this, many third-party vendors provide strong network support for PAL programming issues.

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